Charles A. Menzie, Ph.D.

Dr. Menzie's primary area of expertise is the environmental fate and effects of physical, biological, and chemical stressors on terrestrial and aquatic systems. Over the past two decades most of this work has been focused on chemicals. Dr. Menzie has worked at more than 100 sites and has been involved in approximately a dozen NRDA-related cases. He is recognized as one of the leaders in the field of risk assessment and was awarded the Risk Practitioner Award by the Society for Risk Analysis. He has served on the Council of SRA and the Board of SETAC, the two major professional organizations in this field. Dr. Menzie has led numerous peer reviews for industry and for government. He has taken the lead in developing guidance documents for industry and government and has focused on methods that are workable and acceptable to a broad range of parties. He was one of the committee members to draft the ASTM Standard for risk-based corrective action (RBCA) for chemical release sites and extended that standard to ecological considerations. In addition to his work on chemical risk-related matters, Dr. Menzie has developed and applied methods for identifying third parties who have contributed to contamination in aquatic and terrestrial environments. These projects have involved meshing historical information with transport and fate analyses, risk considerations (remediation drivers), and forensic analysis. Most of this work has been carried out for a select group of industrial clients. Dr. Menzie’s expertise in chemical transport and fate includes organochlorine compounds (e.g., PCBs, dioxins, many pesticides), PAHs, benzene and other light aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated volatile compounds (e.g., TCE and PCE), phthalate esters, petroleum hydrocarbons, metals (e.g., arsenic, cadmium, lead, vanadium, nickel, and zinc), and cyanide compounds.

In addition to Dr. Menzie’s work on chemical-related matters, he has been involved in evaluating the risks associated with habitat modifications and the introduction of species. Prominent among these efforts was work related to the introduction of shrimp viruses to U.S. coastal systems. Dr. Menzie has developed a number of software tools to analyze the effects of chemical and other stressors at the level of landscapes. Much of this work is being used to predict future effects and to sort among alternatives.

Menzie CA, Southworth B, Stephenson G, Feisthauer N. The importance of understanding the chemical form of a metal in the environment: The case of barium sulfate (barite). Hum Ecol Risk Asses 2008; 14:5:974–991.

Menzie CA, Coleman AJ. Debate & commentary. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments: An overview of risk-related issues. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 2007; 13(2):269–275.

Menzie CA, MacDonell MM, Mumtaz M. A phased approach for assessing combined effects from multiple stressors. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115(5) 807–816.

Johnson, MS, Wickwire WT, Quinn MJ, Ziolkowski DJ, Burmistrov D, Menzie CA, Geraghty C, Minnich M, Parsons PJ. Are songbirds at risk from lead at small arms ranges? An application of the Spatially Explicit Exposure Model (SEEM). Environ Toxicol Chem 2007; 26(10):2215-2225.

Wickwire WT, Menzie CA, Burmistrov D, Hope BK. Incorporating spatial data into ecological risk assessments: The Spatially Explicit Exposure Module (SEEM) for ARAMS. In: Landscape Ecology and Wildlife Habitat Evaluation: Critical Information for Ecological Risk Assessment, Land-Use Management Activities, and Biodiversity Enhancement Practices. ASTM STP 1458. Kapustka LA, Galbraith H, Luxon M, Biddinger GR (eds). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2004.

Menzie CA, Lacey R. Ecological risk assessment in a new millennium: Where are we going? Risk Policy Report 2002; 9(3):36–38.

von Stackelberg K, Menzie C. A cautionary note on the use of species presence and absence data in deriving sediment quality criteria. Environ Toxicol Chem 2002; 21(2):466–472.

Menzie CA, Hoeppner SS, Cura JJ, Freshman JS, LaFrey EN. Urban and suburban storm water runoff as a source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to Massachusetts estuarine and coastal environments. Estuaries 2002; 25(2):165–176.

Shatkin JA, Wagle M, Kent S, Menzie CA. Development of a biokinetic model to evaluate dermal absorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil. Hum Ecol Risk Asses 2002; 8(4):713–734.

Menzie CA. Hormesis in ecological risk assessment: A useful concept, a confusing term, and/or a distraction? Belle Newsletter 2001; 10(1):17–20.

Menzie CA, Wickwire WT. Defining populations: A key step in identifying spatial and temporal scales. Toxicol Indust Health 2001; 17:223–229.

Menzie CA, Burke AM, Grasso D, Harnois M, Magee B, McDonald D, Montgomery C, Nichols A, Pignatello J, Price B, Price R, Rose J, Shatkin J, Smets B, Smith J, and Svirsky S. An approach for incorporating information on chemical availability in soils into risk assessment and risk-based decision making. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 2000; 6(3):479–510.

Menzie CA. Applying risk-based solutions—the importance of communication. Environ Eng 1999; 35(4):20–22.

Menzie CA. Risk communication and careful listening—resolving alternative world views. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 1998; 4(3):619–622.

Charles JC, Menzie CA. Identifying Southeast Asian immigrant populations in Massachusetts at risk from eating contaminated shellfish. J Environ Manage 1998; 52:161–171.

Menzie CA. Implementing risk management at manufactured gas plant sites. Soil Groundwat Cleanup 1997; August/September:12–18.

Menzie CA, Freshman JS. An assessment of the risk assessment paradigm for ecological risk assessment. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 1997; 3(5):853–892.

Freshman JS, Menzie CA. Two wildlife exposure models to assess impacts at the individual and population levels and the efficacy of remedial actions. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 1996; 2(3):481-496.

Menzie CA, Henning MH, Cura J, Finkelstein K, Gentile J, Maughan J, Mitchell D, Petron S, Potocki B, Svirsky S, Tyler P. Special report of the Massachusetts weight-of-evidence workgroup: A weight-of-evidence approach for evaluating ecological risks. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 1996; 2(2):277–304.

Menzie CA. The question is essential for ecological risk assessment. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 1995; 1(3):159-162.

Menzie CA, Potocki B, Santodonato J. Exposure to carcinogenic PAHs in the environment. Environ Sci Technol 1992; 26(7):1278–1284.

Menzie CA, Burmaster DE, Freshman JS, Callahan CA. Assessment of methods for estimating ecological risk in the terrestrial component: A case study at the Baird & McGuire Superfund Site in Holbrook, Massachusetts. Environ Toxicol Chem 1992; 11:245–260.

Callahan CA, Menzie CA, Burmaster DE, Wilborn DC, Ernst T. On-site methods for assessing chemical impact on the soil environment using earthworms: A case study at the Baird & McGuire Superfund Site, Holbrook, MA. Environ Toxicol Chem 1991; 10(6)817–826.

Burmaster DE, Menzie CA, Freshman JS, Burris JA, Maxwell NI, Drew SR. Assessment of methods for estimating aquatic hazards at Superfund-type sites: A cautionary tale. Environ Toxicol Chem 1991; 10(6)827–842.

Menzie CA. Diminishment of recruitment: A hypothesis concerning impacts on marine benthic communities. Mar Pollut Bull 1984.15:127 129.

Menzie CA. Environmental concerns related to offshore oil and gas activities: Muddy issues. Oceanus 1983; 26:32–38.

Menzie CA. Contamination control can be cost effective. Industry Magazine 1982; August:19-22.

Menzie CA. The environmental implications of offshore oil and gas activities: An overview of the effects of routine discharges based on the American experience. Environ Sci Technol 1982; 16(8):454A-472A.

Maurer D, Leathem W, Menzie CA. Macrobenthic invertebrates from the Mid Atlantic continental shelf. Int Rev der Ges Hydrobiol 1982; 67(4):491 515.

Menzie CA, Cura JJ, Skinner WF. Thermal impact evaluation for Brunner Island Steam Electric Station: Toward a more realistic assessment. Environ Monit Assess 1982; 2:301 308.

Menzie CA. Production ecology of Cricotopus sylvestris Fabricius (Diptera: Chironomidae) in a shallow estuarine area. Limnol Oceanog 1981; 26(3):467 481.

Mauer D, Leathem W, Menzie CA. The impact of drilling fluids and well cuttings on polychaete feeding guilds from the U.S. northeastern continental shelf. Mar Pollut Bull 1981; 12(10):234 347.

Menzie C, Mariani G, Ryther, Jr. J. Seafloor mapping system applied to biological, environmental surveys. Sea Technol 1981; 22(2):15 16.

Menzie CA. The potential significance of insects in the removal of contaminants from aquatic systems. Water Air Soil Pollut 1980; 13:473 479.

Menzie CA. A note on the Hynes method of estimating secondary production. Limnol Oceanogr 1980; 25(4):770–773.

Menzie CA. The chironomid (Insecta: Diptera) and other fauna of a Myriophyllum spicatum L. plant bed in the lower Hudson River. Estuaries 1980; 3(1):38 54.

Menzie CA. An approach to estimating probabilities of transportation related spills of hazardous materials. Environ Sci Technol 1979; 13(2):224 228.

Menzie CA. Growth of the aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum in a littoral area of the Hudson River Estuary. Aquat Bot 1979; 6:365 375.

Mulligan HF, Menzie CA. How to prepare environmental reports for drilling on the OCS (outer continental shelf). Oil Gas J 1978; 86-87.

Books and Book Chapters

Lanno R, Menzie CA. Risk assessment of cyanide in water and soil. Chapter 17. In: Cyanide in Water and Soil: Chemistry, Risk, and Management. Dzombak DA, Ghosh RS, Wong-Chong GM (eds), CRC Press/Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 2005.

Menzie CA, Efroymson RA, Ells SJ, Henningsen GM, Hope BK. Risk assessment and risk management. Chapter 2. In: Pellston Workshop on Contaminated Soils: From Soil-Chemical Interactions to Ecosystems Management. Lanno RP (ed), SETAC Publications. Pensacola, FL, 2003.

Menzie CA. The evolution of ecological risk assessment during the 1990s: Challenges and opportunities. Chapter 16. pp. 281–299. In: Environmental Analysis of Contaminated Sites. Sunahara GI, Renoux AY, Thellen C, Gaudet C, Pilon A (eds), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2002.

Gaudet CL, Menzie CA, Ouellet S. Risk-based assessment of soil contamination: Generic versus site-specific approaches. Chapter 12. pp. 203–219. In: Environmental Analysis of Contaminated Sites. Sunahara GI, Renoux AY, Thellen C, Gaudet C, Pilon A (eds), John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2002.

Cura, JJ, Kane Driscoll SB, Lacey R, McArdle M, Menzie CA. Assessing ecological risks of PAH-contaminated sediments. In: Sediments Guidance Compendium. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Palo Alto, CA, 2001.

Menzie CA, Heiger-Bernays WJ, Montgomery CR, Linz DG, Nakles DV. Development of an ecological risk assessment framework based on contaminant availability. In: Ecotox—Environmental Contaminants through the Macroscope. Wuerz Publishing Ltd., Winnipeg, MB, Canada, 1996.

Menzie CA. Perspectives on sediment risk analysis for hazardous waste sites. Proceedings, 22nd Pellston Conference Workshop, Sediment Risk Assessment. SETAC Special Publicatio, Pacific Grove, 1996, April 23–28, 1995.

Menzie CA. Work group summary report for site clean-up decisions. Chapter 6. Proceedings, 22nd Pellston Conference Workshop, Sediment Risk Assessment, SETAC Special Publication, Pacific Grove, 1995, April 23–28, 1995.

Cura JJ, Mariani G, Ketchum C, Gillmor R, Menzie C, Curtis W, Tuholke B. Site-selection criteria for deep ocean disposal of low-level radioactive wastes. Volume 3, Marine Waste Management: Science and Policy. pp. 177-185. In: Oceanic Processes in Marine Pollution. Champ M, Park K (eds), Kreiger Publishing Co., Melbourne, FL, 1989.

Menzie CA, Cura J, Gillmor R, Magnell B, Mariani G, Bartholomew T, Gardner W, Smith W. The optimum mix of pollution monitoring platforms: Deepwater Dumpsite 106 Case Study. Volume 3 Marine Waste Management: Science and Policy. pp. 260–276. In: Oceanic Processes in Marine Pollution. Champ M, Park K (eds), Kreiger Publishing Co., Melbourne, FL, 1989.

Nocito JA, Walker HA, Paul JF, Menzie CA. Application of a risk assessment framework for marine disposal of sewage sludge at mid shelf and off shelf sites. Proceedings, 11th ASTM Symposium by American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1986

Gillmor RB, Menzie CA, Mariani GM, Levin D, Ayers RC, Sauer TC. . Effects of exploratory drilling discharges on the benthos. Volume 4, Energy Wastes in the Ocean. pp. 244–257. In: Wastes in the Ocean. Duedall IW, Kester DR, Park PK (eds), Wiley Interscience Publications, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1985.

Robson DS, Menzie CA, Mulligan HF. An environmental monitoring study to assess the impact of drilling discharges in the Mid Atlantic. II. An experimental design and statistical methods to evaluate impacts on the benthic environment. In: Research of Environmental Fate and Effects of Drilling Fluids and Cuttings, 1980.

Menzie CA, Maurer D, Leathem W. An environmental monitoring study to assess the impact of drilling discharges in the Mid Atlantic. IV. The effects of drilling discharges on the benthic community. In: Research of Environmental Fate and Effects of Drilling Fluids and Cuttings, 1980.

Proceedings, Conferences, and Symposia

Wickwire WT, Menzie CA, Burmistrov D. Enhancing the realism of wildlife exposure modeling: An introduction and demonstration of the Spatially Explicit Exposure Model (SEEM). In: An Introduction to the Terrestrial Wildlife Exposure Model (TWEM) and the Spatially Explicit Exposure Model (SEEM). Johnson MJ, Sample BE, Wickwire WT, and Kapustka LA (eds.). SETAC 2004 Short Course Instructor. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 4th World Congress and 25th Annual Meeting, Portland, OR, November 14–18, 2004.

Wickwire WT, Menzie CA, Burmistrov D, Johnson MS. Applying a spatially explicit wildlife exposure model to improve remedial efficiency: The SEEM case study (Abstract/Poster Presentation). Annual International Conference on Soils, Sediments and Water, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, October 18–21, 2004.

Kane Driscoll SB, McArdle ME, Menzie CA, Coleman A. Application of sediment quality guidelines of PAHs to manufactured gas plant sites. Presented at the 23rd Annual Meeting of SETAC North America, Salt Lake City, UT, November 16–20, 2002.

Menzie CA, Cura JJ, Kane-Driscoll S, Lacey R, McArdle M. Assessing ecological risks of PAH-contaminated sediments. Proceedings, International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments, Venice, Italy, October 10–12, 2001. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH.

Cura JJ, Menzie C. Methodologies for ecological risk assessment: the overall process and recent advances. Conference Workshop #12 - Ecological Risk Assessment: Why and How—An Important Tool in Environmental Decision Making. Presented at the Water Environment Federation 69th Annual Conference & Exposition, Dallas, TX, October 5–9, 1996.

Menzie CA. Problems in ecological assessment related to contaminated site management. pp. 26–27. Proceedings, NRC-CNRC Workshop, Toxicity Testing Applied to Soil Ecotoxicology. NRC’s Biotechnology Research Institute in collaboration with Environment Canada and the Quebec Ministry of Environment and Wildlife, Montreal, Quebec, November 28–29, 1995.

von Stackelberg K, Menzie CA, Cura JJ. Risk assessment: Helping to focus risk management objectives for MGP sites. Land Contam Reclam (Special issue) 3(4):24 29. Presented at the International Symposium and Trade Fair on the Clean up of Manufactured Gas Plants, Prague, Czech Republic, September 19 21, 1995.

Menzie CA, Cura JJ. Environmental evaluations at hazardous waste sites. pp. 77–84. Proceedings, HMC-Northeast ‘91 Conference, Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute, Boston, MA, July 10–12, 1991.

Menzie CA, Cura J. Loadings of pollutants in Massachusetts Bay. Presented at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Conference on Estuaries, Sarasota, FL, February 24–26, 1991.

Burmaster DE, Thompson KM, Menzie CA, Crouch E, McKone T. Monte Carlo techniques for quantitative uncertainty analysis in public health risk assessment. pp. 215-21. Proceedings, 1990 Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute Conference, New Orleans, LA, 1990.

Menzie CA. Application of Connecticut’s aquatic toxicity program. Panel discussion and presentation to the 2nd Annual Workshop of the Connecticut Forum of Regulated Environmental Professionals, New Haven, CT, June 2, 1988.

Menzie CA. The use—and possible misuse—of risk assessment as part of overall site management. Presented at the 2nd Hazardous Waste Superfund Conference in San Francisco and Washington, DC, 1988.

Menzie CA, Burmaster DE. Overview of soil clean up levels and risk based decision making. Presented at the HazMat ‘88 Conference, Atlantic City, NJ, June 14–16, 1988.

Menzie CA, Burmaster DE. Evaluation of environmental risk assessment methods. Presented at the 9th Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Arlington, VA, November 13–17, 1988.

Burmaster DE, Murphy B, Gushue J, Menzie CA. A risk assessment for the Baird & McGuire Superfund Site. Presented at the Hazardous Materials International Conference, Washington, DC, 1987.

Menzie CA, Cura JJ, Gillmor R, Mariani G, Wilson S. Research needs related to ocean disposal. Presented at the Ocean Waste Management Conference at the University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, May 1983.

Menzie CA, Ryther, Jr. J, Boyer LF, Germano JD, Rhoads DC. Remote methods of mapping seafloor topography, sediment type, bedforms, and benthic biology. pp. 1046 1051. In: Oceans ‘82 Conference Record, IEEE Publication Number 82CH1827 5, Piscataway, NJ, IEEE Service Center, 1982.

Gillmor, RB, Menzie CA, Ryther, Jr. J. Side scan sonar and T.V. observations of the benthic environment and megabenthos in the vicinity of an OCS exploratory well in the Middle Atlantic Bight. In: Oceans ‘81 Conference Record. IEEE Publication No. 81CH1685 7, Piscataway, NJ, IEEE Service Center, 1981.

Menzie CA, Ryther, Jr. J. Diego Garcia (Indian Ocean): An Atoll estuary. Presented at the New England Estuarine Research Society at the University of Rhode Island, Spring Session, Kingston, RI, 1980.

Menzie CA, Frye D, Hazelwood RN. OTEC 1 environmental monitoring program. In: Proc. 7th Ocean Energy Conference, Washington, DC, June 1980.

Mulligan HF, Menzie CA. Phytoplankton as tracers of water masses on and around Georges Bank. Presented at the Second Informal Workshop on the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf, May, Dalhousie, Nova Scotia, 1979.

Menzie CA, et al. The environmental impact of the Clean Water Act on the Hudson River Estuary. Presented at the 4th Hudson River Environmental Symposium, 1976.

Menzie CA, Hyman R, Woodward B. Investigations of the chironomid fauna of Haverstraw Bay. Presented at the 4th Hudson River Environmental Symposium, 1976.

Menzie CA, Logan D, Matousek J. 1976. Benthic investigations in the Hudson River Estuary. 1972 1974. Presented at the 24th Annual Meeting of the North American Benthological Society, Madison, WI, 1976.

• Principal and President, Menzie-Cura & Associates, Inc., 1983–2006
• Manager of Environmental Services Department, EG&G Environmental Consultants, 1976-1983
• Lecturer, Boston University and University of Lowell, 1978-1993
  

Manufacturing Industry (Metals and Organic Chemicals) with an Emphasis on Sediments

Worked on ecological and human health issues associated with contaminated sediments since the mid 1970s. Worked on projects involving the following classes of chemicals: organometallic compounds (e.g., methylmercury), inorganic metals such as chromium, lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, vanadium, and barium, chlorinated compounds such as PCBs, dioxins, and pesticides, petroleum related hydrocarbons, and chemicals arising from combustion (e.g., PAHs). This work has involved assessing transport and fate of these chemicals, evaluating risks, and providing guidance for remediation. Developed a low-impact remedial technology referred to as SediMiteTM.

Contribution Cases

Participated in several large contribution cases involving regional contamination from multiple sources. Most of this work has focused on PCBs, pesticides, and metals. Developed a line-of-evidence methodology that has been successfully applied to these cases. Risk assessment expertise has been an important element of establishing the connections between sources and environmental conditions. This framework also makes it possible to establish the implications and degree of risk associated with the particular sources.

Manufactured Gas Plants (MGP) and Other Utility Work

Twenty years of experience evaluating the human health and ecological risks associated with MGP sites. Primary author of the Gas Research Institute (GRI) guidance on risk assessment for MGP sites and has conducted assessments at more than forty sites. Currently a principal investigator for Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)-funded research on the toxicity of soils and sediments at MGP sites. Principal investigator for the environmentally acceptable endpoints (EAE) program, which focused on the bioavailability of PAHs in surface soils. This program was subsequently extended to evaluations of PAHs in sediments. Co-author of the industry white paper on naphthalene toxicity and implications for risk assessment and risk management.

Principal investigator for the Gas Research Institute, Gas Technology Institute, and currently serves as principal investigator for EPRI on effects of hydrocarbons associated with MGP operations. Authored human health and ecological risk assessment guidance developed for MGP sites.

Published several papers related to the assessment of risks at MGP sites; author of the critical review on sources of exposure to carcinogenic PAHs. This paper was prepared to help provide a perspective on PAHs in soils at MGP and other sites. Published work on exposures to cyanides, including the complex cyanides that can be present at some MGP sites. Has given expert testimony on exposures to these MGP-related waste residuals.

Guided evaluations of background in a wide variety of cases. These evaluations have involved surface soils in urban and rural environments, and sediments in various water bodies.

Currently involved in permitting for coal-fired and nuclear power plants. For the latter, serves as an expert on chemical releases from such facilities. Also worked on approximately twenty projects involving entrainment/impingement and thermal discharges.

Led human health and ecological assessments related to the disposal of coal and oil ash at facilities.

Oil and Gas Industry

Has worked on upstream and downstream components of the oil and gas industry since the 1970s. Author of a key review paper in Environmental Science and Technology on the environmental implications of oil and gas exploration, development, and production. This paper addressed produced waters, drilling fluids, and other releases. Served as Principal Investigator for multi-industry study of the environmental risks associated with oil and gas exploration. Author of numerous reports related to potential environmental risks associated with onshore, coastal, and offshore oil and gas exploration and development. This includes an API report and associated peer-reviewed paper on the potential risks associated with barite.

Wrote the ecological risk assessment guidance related to petroleum releases for the American Petroleum Institute. Member of the ASTM RBCA work group. Served as the principal risk assessor for assessments at refinery sites: Bayway, New Jersey, Destrehan, Louisiana, Wood River, Illinois, Texas City, Texas, and Sugar Creek, Missouri.

Principal investigator for the Petroleum Environmental Research Form program related to the evaluation of ecological and human health risks associated with petroleum-contaminated soils. He has served as a participant within the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Workgroup, an industry- and government-sponsored effort to develop a methodology for evaluating complex mixtures of hydrocarbons.

Impacts and Natural Resource Damages to Aquatic Ecological Resources

More than thirty years of experience working on aquatic and marine environments. Natural resource work began in New York; documented the distribution of habitats in the lower Hudson River. Worked extensively on lakes in the northeast United States including the Finger Lakes, Lake Ontario, and Lake Erie. Published on the biological communities inhabiting submerged aquatic vegetation and benthic environments. Also involved in more than 100 reports that deal with various fish populations and their response to chemical stressors and habitat modification. These projects have included the development of multi-pathway food webs and models.

Developed the conceptual approach for the Spatially-Explicit Exposure Model, a system that uses information on the spatial distribution of habitats to evaluate the distribution of species and to account for exposures that occur at the population level. Served as topic chair for the SETAC Pellston Workshop on assessing risks to populations.

Invited to prepare an issue paper associated with evaluating the combined effects of multiple stressors. The approach includes a habitat-specific methodology that can be employed in either aquatic or terrestrial environments.

Impacts and Risk Evaluations for Desert and Tropical Environments

Principal investigator evaluating impacts of development on Diego Garcia (Indian Ocean). This is a desert island on which the U.S. Navy established a base to support military operations at countries bordering the Indian Ocean. The work involved an extended stay on the island with investigations of physical and chemical impacts on upland and coastal environments.

Conducted field studies and prepared an expert report related to causal factors affecting environmental conditions near oil extraction activities in Yemen.

Evaluated the potential effects of aerial spraying of herbicides on environmental conditions in South America.

Evaluated the environmental impacts of pulp mill discharges on ecological conditions in a South American River.

Chaired the external peer review of radionuclide impacts associated with the Nevada Test Site, where nuclear weapons had been tested. Associated with this testing were a range of potential human health and ecological risks for this desert environment. Led a group of scientists who evaluated the studies performed by the Department of Energy.

Field operations manager and principal investigator for the Hawaiian Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Program. Responsible for overseeing studies to evaluate the impacts of OTEC on Hawaiian coastal environments. The work involved an extended field program in coastal Hawaii. Also served as field operations manager and principal investigator for the evaluating of dredging and dredge material disposal for the Naval Roads Navy base in Puerto Rico.

• Water Environment Federation
• Society for Risk Analysis, (Past President of New England Chapter)
• Society of Exposure Analysis
• Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, (Board Member)
• New England Estuarine Research Society
• Estuarine Research Federation
• Boston Bar Association, (Environmental)
• Association for the Environmental Health of Soils
• ASTM