Ms. Proctor has 20 years of experience in the environmental health risk assessment field, specializing in applied toxicology, mode of action evaluations for chemical carcinogens, environmental chemistry, human health risk assessment, exposure reconstruction, and quantitative dose-response analysis for the purpose of developing toxicity criteria.
Ms. Proctor has technical expertise for assessing the potential human health risk associated contaminated air, soil and groundwater; evaluating failure to warn litigation claims pursuant to California Proposition 65; designing risk-based remedial investigations; assessing the environmental fate and toxicity of metals in the environment; and determining the bioavailability of metals in soil and solid media. Ms. Proctor uses state-of-the-art scientific approaches to evaluate potential hazards and develop health-protective and science-driven remediation goals. She provides technical comments to regulatory agencies on policy and guidance documents, and technical support for public communication. Ms. Proctor has designed studies involving human volunteers and is experience with the use of Internal Review Boards (IRBs) and ethical requirements/considerations associated with research involving humans.
Ms. Proctor has been recognized as an expert in the environmental health risk assessment of chromium and has published 18 manuscripts regarding exposure and the potential health risks of chromium in the peer-reviewed scientific literature. She has managed research projects that are now the bases for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s reference concentration (RfC) for hexavalent chromium, New Jersey soil standards protective of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) due to dermal contact with soil, the cancer risk assessment used as the basis for the 2006 Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Limit for hexavalent chromium, and the 2007 EPA risk assessment for hexavalent chromium on treated wood.
Ms. Proctor specializes in environmental risk assessment for metals and inorganic chemicals, and has specific experience modeling exposure to perchlorate in produce, milk, human breast milk, food, and drinking water.
Scott PK, Proctor D. Soil suspension/dispersion modeling methods for estimating health-based soil cleanup levels of hexavalent chromium at Chromite Ore Processing Residue sites. Air Waste Manage Assoc 2008; 58:384–403.
Proctor DM, Gatto NM, Hong SJ, Allamneni KP. Mode-of-action framework for evaluating the relevance of rodent forestomach tumors in cancer risk assessment. Toxicol Sciences 2007; 98(2):313–326.
Becker DS, Long ER, Proctor DM, Ginn TC. Toxicity and bioavailability of chromium in sediments associated with chromite ore processing residue. Environ Toxicol Chem 2006; 25(10):2576–2583.
Proctor DM, Panko JP, Liebig EW, Paustenbach, DJ. Estimating historical occupational exposure to airborne hexavalent chromium in a chromate production plant: 1940–1972. Occupat Environ Hyg 2004; 1:752–767.
Proctor DM, Panko JP, Liebig EW, Scott PK, Mundt KA, Buczynski MA, Barnhart RJ, Harris MA, Morgan RJ, Paustenbach DJ. Workplace airborne hexavalent chromium concentrations for the Painesville, Ohio chromate production plant (1943–1971). Appl Occupl Environ Hyg 2003; 18(6):430–449.
Crump C, Crump KS, Hack E, Luippold RS, Mundt KA, Panko JP, Liebig EW, Paustenbach DJ, Proctor DM. Dose-response and risk assessment of airborne hexavalent chromium and lung cancer mortality. Risk Anal 2003; 23(6):1155-1171.
Luippold RS, Mundt KA, Austin RP, Liebig E, Panko JP, Crump C, Crump K, Proctor DM. Lung cancer mortality among chromate workers. Occup Environ Med 2003; 60:451-457.
Proctor DM, Otani JA, Paustenbach DJ, et al. Is hexavalent chromium carcinogenic via ingestion? A weight-of-evidence review. J Toxicol Environ Health, Part A 2002; 65:701-746.
Proctor DM, Fehling KA, Shay EC, Finley BL. Assessment of human health and ecological risks posed by the uses of steel-industry slags in the environment. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 2002; 8(4):681-711.
Proctor DM Fehling KA, Shay EC, et al. Physical and chemical characteristics of blast furnace, basic oxygen furnace, and electric arc furnace steel industry slags. Environ Sci Technol 2000; 34:1576–1582.
Fowler JF, Kauffman CL, Marks JG, Proctor DM, Fredrick MM, et al. 1999. An environmental hazard assessment of low-level dermal exposure to hexavalent chromium in solution among chromium sensitized volunteers. JOEM, 41(3):150–160.
Proctor DM, Panko JM, Finley BL, Butler WJ, Barnhart RJ. Need for improved science in standard setting for hexavalent chromium. Commentary. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1999; 29:99–101.
Proctor DM, Fredrick MM, et al. Prevalence of chromium allergy in the United States and its implications for setting soil cleanup levels: A cost-effectiveness case study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1998; 28:27–37.
Zak M, Proctor D. Using risk-based corrective action to facilitate redevelopment of a former steel mill brownfields: A success story. Environmental Manager of the AWMA, p. 9–12, 1997.
Finley B, Burton S, Proctor D, Panko J, Trowbridge K. A preliminary assessment of PCB risks to human health and the environment in the Lower Passaic River. Environ Toxicol Chem 1997; 52:95–118.
Proctor D, Harris M, Finley B (eds). Chromium in soil: Perspectives in chemistry, health and environmental regulation. Special Issue of J Soil Contam 1997.
Proctor D, Zak M, Finley B. Resolving uncertainties associated with the construction worker soil ingestion rate: A perspective for risk-based remedial goals. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 1997.
Paustenbach D, Fredrick M, Panko J, Finley B, Proctor D. Urinary chromium as a biomarker of environmental exposure: What are the limitations? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1997; 26:523-534.
Proctor D, Shay E, Scott P. Health-based soil action levels for trivalent and hexavalent chromium: A comparison to state and federal standards. J Soil Contam 1997; 6(6):595-648.
Finley BL, Proctor DM, Scott PK, Price PA, Harrington N, Paustenbach DJ. Recommended distributions for exposure factors frequently used in health risk assessment. Risk Anal 1994; 14(4):533–554.
Malsch PA, Proctor DM, Finley BL. Estimation of a chromium inhalation reference concentration using the benchmark dose method: A case study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1994; 20:58–82.
Finley BL, Proctor DM, Paustenbach DJ. 1992. An alternative to the USEPA’s inhalation reference concentrations for hexavalent and trivalent chromium. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 16:161–176.
Paustenbach DJ, Meyer (Proctor) DM, Sheehan PJ, Lau V. The assessment and quantitative uncertainty analysis of the health risks to workers exposed to chromium contaminated soils. Toxicol Indust Health 1991; 7(3):159–196.
Sheehan P, Meyer (Proctor) D, Sauer M, Paustenbach D. Assessment of the human health risks posed by exposure to chromium contaminated soils at residential sites. J Toxicol Environ Health 1991; 32:161–201.
Book Chapters
Proctor DM. Hexavalent chromium. In: Risk Encyclopedia. Wiley & Sons, London, 2007 (in press).
Proctor DM, Harris M, Rabbe D. Risk assessment of chromium-contaminated soils: Twelve years of research to characterize the health hazards. Chapter 9, pp. 513-582. In: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: Theory and Practice. Paustenbach DJ (ed), 2002.
Presentations with Published Abstracts
Gujral JS, Fowler JF, Jr., Su SH, Morgan D, Proctor DM. Repeated open application tests for allergic contact dermatitis due to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]: Risk assessment for dermal contact with Cr(VI). 3rd Conference of Occupational and Environmental Exposure of Skin to Chemicals, Golden, CO, June 17-20, 2007.
Hong S, Proctor D, Finley B. Assessment of LA sewage spills on Santa Monica Bay beaches. Society of Toxicology 45th Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, March 2006.
Hong SJ, Proctor DM, Finley BL. Exposure to sewage spill-related pathogens at Santa Monica Bay beaches. 4th Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry World Congress and 25th Annual Meeting, Portland, OR, November 2004.
Proctor D. Exposure assessment for perchlorate in milk. Abstract 421. Society of Toxicology 45th Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 2005.
Proctor D, Hong S. Relevance of rodent forestomach tumors in cancer risk assessment. Abstract 382. Society of Toxicology 45th Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 2005.
Proctor D, Cohen E, Leung H, Hays S, Barraj L, Madl A. Exposure assessment for perchlorate in drinking water. Abstract 1754. Society of Toxicology 44th Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, 2004.
Madl A, Proctor D, Leung H, Goswami E, Hays S, Cohen E. Derivation of an RfD for perchlorate: Identifying a Critical Health Endpoint and Most Sensitive Subpopulation. Abstract 1755. Society of Toxicology 44th Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, 2004.
Leung H Madl A, Proctor D, Hays S, Cohen E. Scientific rational for the derivation of an RfD for perchlorate. Abstract 1756. Society of Toxicology 44th Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, 2004. Awarded top five Risk Assessment Presentations at the conference.
Proctor D, Ohanian E. Health risk assessment of hexavalent chromium in drinking water: Carcinogenicity, research and regulation. Abstract 277. Society of Toxicology 42nd Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, 2003. Symposium Chairman.
Proctor D, Lau E, Cahill J, Kelsh M. Alternative reference population sensitivity analysis for the morality assessment of a hexavalent chromium exposed worker cohort. Abstract 2008. International Society of Environmental Epidemiology, 2002.
Proctor D, Hays S, et al. Rate of hexavalent chromium reduction by human gastric fluid. Abstract 1700. Society of Toxicology, Nashville, TN, 2002.
Proctor D, Williams P. Costs and benefits of compliance with alternative remediation standards at hexavalent chromium-contaminated sites. Abstract 1073. Society of Toxicology, Nashville, TN, 2002.
Proctor D, Luippold R, et al. Lung cancer mortality among workers exposed to airborne hexavalent chromium. Abstract 773. Society of Toxicology, Nashville, TN, 2002.
Crump C, Proctor D, et al. Dose-response assessment for lung cancer mortality of an occupational cohort exposed to airborne hexavalent chromium. Abstract 774. Society of Toxicology, Nashville, TN, 2002. Awarded top five Risk Assessment Presentations at the conference.
Proctor D, Kelsh M, Lau E, Exuzides A, Cahill J. Analysis beyond publication: Further evaluation of an occupational study of chromium workers. Abstract 318. Society of Epidemiological Research, 2003.
Proctor DM, Su S, Finley BL. Multi-media exposure scenario survey for defining the conceptual site model of a human health risk assessment for a highly urbanized area. Society of Risk Analysis Conference, December 8, 2002.
Shay E, Proctor D, Long T. Community response and health risk assessment of a PCB release from a natural gas pipeline rupture. Association for the Environmental Health of Soils, San Diego, CA, March 2000.
Proctor DM. Use of bench top laboratory studies to quantify potential health risks due to mercury vapors: A case study. Society for Risk Analysis, 1998.
Proctor DM, et al. Methods for refining health-based remediation goals for PAHs in soil. Association for the Environmental Health of Soil, March 12, 1998.
Proctor DM, et al. Prevalence of chromium allergy in the United States and it implications for setting soil cleanup levels: A cost-benefit case study. Society of Risk Analysis, December 1997.
Proctor D, Nethercott J, Fredrick M, Finley B, Paustenbach D. Assessing the potential for elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis in Cr(VI)-sensitized subjects following prolonged contact with Cr(VI) in solution. Society of Toxicology, March 12, 1997.
Scott P, Proctor D, Paustenbach D. Evaluating the 10% elicitation threshold for Cr(VI) in terms of mass per surface area using benchmark dose methods. Society of Toxicology, March 12, 1997.
Proctor DM. Strategies for approaching liability using risk based corrective action (RBCA). Industrial Site Recycling Conference (ISRC), Pittsburgh, PA, April 8, 1997.
Proctor D, Shay E, Scott P. Health-based soil action levels for trivalent and hexavalent chromium: A comparison to state and federal standards. Association for the Environmental Health of Soils (AEHS), Newport Beach, CA, March 13, 1996.
Proctor D, Fehling KA, Scott PK. Use of health risk assessment to facilitate redevelopment of a former steel production site. Society for Risk Analysis Annual Conference and Exposition, December 7, 1995.
Proctor DM, Scott PK, Finley BL. Approach for determining generic health based soil action levels for trivalent and hexavalent chromium at residential and industrial sites. Abstract F4.16. Society for Risk Analysis Annual Conference and Exposition, December 6, 1994.
Proctor DM, Malsch PA, Gargas ML. Considerations for determining appropriate reference doses for soluble and insoluble trivalent chromium compounds. Abstract P1.26. Society for Risk Analysis Annual Conference and Exposition, December 5, 1994.
Proctor DM. Chromium speciation and risk assessment issues. Ohio Chapter Society for Risk Analysis, June 29, 1994.
Malsch PA, Proctor DM, Finley BL. 1994. Estimation of chromium inhalation RfC by the benchmark dose method. Society of Toxicology 33rd Annual Meeting, March 1994.
Gargas ML, Finley BL, Norton RL, Proctor DM, Paustenbach DJ. Biomonitoring of chromium (Cr) exposure by urinary excretion: Bioavailability and sampling design. Society of Toxicology 33rd Annual Meeting, March 1994.
Proctor DM, Finley BL. A methodology for setting soil cleanup goals based on protection of allergic contact dermatitis. Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting, December 5–8, 1993.
Proctor DM, Finley BL. Using real human sweat to extract chromium from chromite ore processing residue: Implications for setting standards based on allergic contact dermatitis. Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting, December 5–8, 1993.
Proctor DM, Scott PK, Fehling KA. Comparison of exposure estimates obtained using conservative state-mandated methodology, refined point estimate approach, and Monte Carlo analyses. Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting, December 5–8, 1993.
Proctor DM, Ulrich GA, Agnew WW. 1993. Application of human health risk assessment in oil and gas production. No 26362. Society of Petroleum Engineers International Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, October 3–6, 1993.
Proctor DM, Finley BL, Paustenbach DJ. An alternative to the USEPA’s proposed inhalation reference concentration for hexavalent and trivalent chromium. Abstracts of the 32nd Annual Meeting Society of Toxicology 1993; 13(1):416.
Proctor DM, Trowbridge KR. An analysis of risk driven site investigation and remediation. Abstract 9970. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 13th Annual Meeting, October 8–12, 1992.
Technical Reports
Proctor DM, Gujral J, Su S, Fowler Jr. JF. Repeated open application test for allergic contact dermatitis due to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] as CopperShield®: Risk assessment for dermal contact with Cr(VI). FPRL #012506. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, July 2006.
Proctor DM, Gujral J, Su S, Fowler Jr. JF. Repeated open application test for allergic contact dermatitis due to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] as potassium dichromate: Risk assessment for dermal contact with Cr(VI). FPRL #012406. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, September 2006.