Hydrogeology is that branch of engineering science that helps us understand the occurrence and circulation of water through rivers, lakes, and other surface water sources, groundwater, and the atmosphere. Hydrogeology draws heavily on geology, hydrology, and chemistry. Over the last half-century, the discipline has grown rapidly, in parallel with the growth in computing, because much of the analysis involved depends on computer simulations of water flow and transport of chemicals through the environment. Greater understanding of the fundamentals has led to extremely complex computer models that can predict transport of chemicals in three dimensions, taking into account virtually all the physico-chemical and biological processes that influence such transport.
Exponent’s hydrogeologists have been involved in the development and application of sophisticated computer models to assist clients with various questions concerning the source, distribution, and fate of chemicals in the environment. We have used these models to scientifically establish the origin of plumes, to confirm or refute claims by other experts about sources, and to explain the development of plumes under the influence of natural and anthropogenic stresses. We often present simulation results in the form of high-quality courtroom graphics, including animation, that relate complex information to clearly to a non-technical audience while maintaining the scientific integrity of the information. Multiple models are often coupled to address specific issues—for example, assessing vapor intrusion (into a building) of constituents that volatilize from dissolved plumes in groundwater, or determining the contaminant distribution in a surface water body that receives chemical mass loading from groundwater.
Exponent’s hydrogeology expertise is used to provide a variety of consulting services: