Chan WR, Shields WJ. Deposition of dioxin in attics from backyard burning. Organohalogen Compounds 2007; 69:722–725.
Shields WJ, Tondeur Y, Benton L, Edwards MR. Dioxins and furans. Chapter 14. In: Environmental Forensics: Contaminant Specific Guide. Morrison R and Murphy B (eds), Academic Press, San Diego, 576 pp, 2006.
Murphy BL, Sparacio T, Shields WJ. Manufactured gas plants—Processes, historical development, and key issues in insurance coverage disputes. Environ Foren 2005; 6(2):161-173.
Yost LJ, Shock S, Garry M, Garson YN, Sugino AK, Shields WJ. Health risk evaluation of PCBs from joint compound measured on surfaces and in air. Organohalogen Compounds 2003; 63:413–416.
Pastorok RA, Shields WJ, Sexton JE. Comparison of aquatic ecological risk assessments at a former zinc smelter and a former wood preservative site. Chapter 20. In: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: Theory and Practice. Paustenbach DJ (ed), John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 1099–1160, 2002.
Peek DC, Butcher MK, Shields WJ, Yost LJ, Maloy JA. Discrimination of aerial deposition sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran downwind from a pulp mill near Ketchikan, Alaska. Environ Sci Technol 2002; 36(8):1671-1675.
Shields W, Maloy JA, Yost L, Peek D. Comparison of soil concentrations of dioxins and furans with predictions based on aerial deposition modeling. Organohalogen Compounds 1999; 41:455–458.
Shields WJ, Brown SM. Applicability of PCB onsite spill model (POSSM) to petroleum product spills. Chapter 8. In: Petroleum Contaminated Soils, Volume I. Remediation Techniques, Environmental Fate, Risk Assessment. Kostecki PT and Calabrese EJ (eds), Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, MI, pp. 87–103, 1989.
Tetta D, Shields WJ, Heinle D, Costa S. Predicting environmental effects in a Puget Sound embayment. Proceedings, 10th National Conference, Superfund 89, Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute, pp. 130–136, Washington, DC, 1989.
Shields WJ, Strecker EW, Dean JD, Brown SM. Chemical spill uncertainty analysis. EPRI Report RP 2634-1. Electrical Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, 1988.
Andrews J, Shields WJ. Selenium speciation and hydrologic conditions affecting ground water contamination near Kesterson Reservoir. Proceedings, Agricultural Impacts on Ground Water Conference, pp. 564–579, Omaha, Nebraska, August 11–13, 1986.
Schrandt CM, Feagley SE, Shields WJ. Land application of primary paper mill wastes: Effects on soil properties and the growth of cottonwood trees (Populus deltoides). Proceedings, 9th Annual Madison Waste Conference, pp. 248–273, Madison, WI, 1986.
Shields WJ, Huddy MD, Somers SG. Pulp mill sludge application to cottonwood plantations. Proceedings, Forest Lands Applications Symposium, University of Washington Press, pp. 533–548, Seattle, WA, 1985.
Shields WJ, Bockheim JG. Deterioration of trembling aspen clones in the Great Lakes region. Can J For Res 1981; 11(3):530–537.
Shields WJ, Dougherty PM. Applied forest climatology and topoclimatic classification for forest management in the Pacific Northwest. Proceedings, Workshop on Computer Techniques and Meteorological Data Applied to Problems of Agriculture and Forestry, A. Weiss (ed), pp. 533–548, Anaheim, CA, 1981.
Shields WJ, Bockheim JG. Effect of site quality on the occurrence of Phellinus tremulae rot in trembling aspen stands in the Great Lakes region. Agron Abs 1979; 219.
Shields WJ, Hobbs SD. Soil nutrient levels and pH associated with root decay caused by Armillariella mellea on conifers in northern Idaho. Can J For Res 1979; 9(1):45–48.
Presentations
Boehm PD, Shields WJ. Advances in environmental forensics: Strategies, methods and case studies. Presented at American Bar Association, Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources, 13th Section Fall Meeting, Nashville, TN, September 21–25, 2005.
Garry MR, Yost LJ, Shock S, Shields WJ. Assessment of metals exposure associated with subsistence use of caribou collected near a mining transport road in northwest Alaska. Poster presented at the Society for Toxicology's 43rd Annual Meeting Baltimore, MD, March 2004.
Shields WJ, Ruby MV, Benton L, Sun B, Brugger G. Identification of the sources of lead contamination in surface soils in the vicinity of mines and smelters. Invited presentation, Working and Living with Lead Conference, Port Pirie, South Australia, September 28–October 1, 2003.
Shields WJ, Closing pulp and paper mills—Environmental issues: A retrospective and prospective analysis. Presented at TAPPI International Environmental Conference, Denver, CO, May 9, 2000.
Yost LJ, Shields WJ, Peek DC, Schoof RA, Ruby MV, Maloy JA. Identification and hazard evaluation of crushed rock as an unexpected source of elevated arsenic in soil. Poster presented at the Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health’s 4th International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects, San Diego, CA, July 2000.
Moore M, Maloy J, Yost LJ, Shields W, Petito Boyce C. Exposure to PCDDs/Fs: Relative importance of the diet and of soil. Proceedings, Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) International Environmental Conference and Exhibit, Nashville, TN, April 18–21, 1999.
Shields WJ, Maloy JA, Winges K, Richmond K, Yost L, Peek D. Aerial deposition of dioxins and furans from a dissolving sulfite pulp mill in Southeast Alaska. Proceedings, Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) International Environmental Conference and Exhibit, Nashville, TN, April 18–21, 1999.
Yost LJ, Maloy J, Gard N, Moore M, Shields W, Jacobs L. Dioxins: Threat versus reality. A case study at a sulfite pulp mill. Proceedings, Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) International Environmental Conference and Exhibit, Nashville, TN, April 18–21, 1999.
Shields WJ. Special session: Closing pulp and paper mills—Environmental issues. W. Shields, moderator. Abstract in TAPPI International Environmental Conference, Tappi Press, Vol. 3, pp. 889–890, Atlanta, GA, 1999.
Nelligan-Doran S, Ginn TC, Shields WJ. Developing site-specific criteria for cadmium using a WER and dissolved translator. Poster presented at Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry’s 20th Annual Conference, Philadelphia, PA, November 1999.
Shields WJ, Sampson JR, Mellott RS, Ruby MV. Biogeochemistry and ecological risk of vanadium in a Midwestern United States wetland. p. 115. In: Book of Abstracts, 5th Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Wetlands, Royal Holloway University of London, UK, 1997.
Mellott RS, Pastorok RA, Shields WJ, LaTier AJ, Mulligan P, Chapin M. Ecological risk assessment of small mammals at a zinc smelter. Poster presented at 16th Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vancouver, BC, 1995.
Pastorok R, Ruby M, Schoof R, LaTier A, Mellott R, Shields W. Constraints on the bioavailability of trace elements to terrestrial fauna at mining and smelting sites. Poster presented at 16th Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vancouver, BC, 1995.
Pastorok RA, Mellott RM, LaTier AJ, Shields WJ. Potential risks to birds from exposure to metals through their diet at a zinc smelter. Poster presented at 16th Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vancouver, BC, 1995.
Sexton JE, Becker DS, Pastorok RA, Ginn TC, Shields WJ. Aquatic ecological risk assessment at a zinc smelter site. Poster presented at 16th Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vancouver, BC, 1995.
Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Chemicals (by Location)
Alabama
Managed a site investigation at an adhesive manufacturing facility in Alabama. The environmental geochemistry of lead and other metals in surface water and sediments and potential human health and ecological effects were evaluated.
Lead scientist in allocation study of lead contamination at a Superfund site in northeast Alabama.
AlaskaEvaluated transport and fate of arsenic from gravel quarried from arsenopyrite-enriched mineral deposits in Ketchikan, Alaska. Pathways considered were surface water runoff and groundwater transport into a marine embayment.
Managed a study of fugitive dust (lead and zinc ore concentrates) from the Red Dog Mine haul road and port facility in Northwest Alaska for Teck Cominco Corporation. Detection of elevated metals in sensitive tundra habitats raised community concerns about risks from subsistence foods and adverse effects to the environment. Evaluated transport and fate, ecological and human health effects of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc. Provided community relations and agency interaction support.
California Allocated future remediation costs attributable to lead-containing wastes at the Casmalia Landfill in Santa Barbara County, California.
Assessed the timing and mechanisms of release of contaminants from the Stringfellow Landfill in Riverside County, California. Evaluated appropriateness of past allocation of costs.
Conducted allocation of past and potential future remediation costs at the International Lead Site in Los Angeles, California.
Conducted allocation of past and potential future remediation costs at the Western Lead Products Site in City of Commerce, California.
Conducted an assessment of the nature and extent of metals contamination in the surface soils and organic debris of the Kesterson Reservoir in California for the Bureau of Reclamation. Estimated the effects of changing moisture conditions on selenium speciation and on the movement of selenium into the groundwater. Helped develop and evaluate mitigation alternatives, which included capping, flooding, water treatment, and soil excavation.
Evaluated historical disposal practices and releases of lead-containing sulfuric acid at the A&R Vacuum Truck Service site in Los Angeles.
Evaluated nitrate migration into surface water and groundwater from a cattle feedlot in southern California.
Evaluated proposed use of stable isotopic ratios of lead to date sediments in a wetland adjacent to a highway in northern California.
Evaluated timing and mechanisms of historic releases of metals and organics from the Wilmington Transfer Station site in Los Angeles, California. Liquid industrial wastes (acids, solvents, heavy metal solutions, caustics, oil, and drilling mud). Evaluated appropriateness of past allocation of costs.
Evaluating transport and fate of thallium and arsenic in fugitive dust at a site in Southern California.
Colorado Managed a water quality study at the Climax mine in Colorado for the Climax Molybdenum Company. EPA had proposed to list this mine on the NPL based on exceedances of the ambient water quality criterion for aluminum. Synthesized and interpreted historical data on water quality and toxicity tests and biological monitoring.
Evaluated historical loading of copper and cyanide, and predicted loading and downstream concentrations under various mine remediation scenarios at the Summitville Mine Superfund site near Del Norte, Colorado. Modeled copper transport in the Alamosa River to the Rio Grande. Determined baseline water quality and ecological conditions prior to the takeover of the site by EPA and evaluated the need for EPA’s emergency response actions.
Idaho Managed startup phase of the risk assessment for a RCRA incinerator at the FMC phosphorus facility in Pocatello, Idaho.
Illinois Evaluated lead sources at a landfill in Illinois that could have resulted in lead detections in groundwater.
Evaluated historical sources of lead from leaded paint, batteries, lead dross, metal turnings, and lead-sheathed cable at the Elgin Salvage & Supply Company site in Elgin, Illinois. Assisted plaintiffs in cost allocation.
Indiana Assessed lead releases to the White River from the Vickers Warehouse and Dump Site in Anderson, Indiana; evaluated appropriateness of past allocation of costs.
Investigated historical disposal of lead-contaminated soil and refractory brick at the Four County Landfill in Fulton County, Indiana. Evaluated appropriateness of past allocation of costs.
Reconstructed historical releases and aerial deposition of lead from fugitive dust and stack and building emissions and estimated soil concentration resulting from those depositions at a former secondary lead smelter at the Avanti Superfund Site in Indianapolis, Indiana. Quantified the aerial dispersion and deposition of lead as a result of sudden and accidental releases. Evaluated appropriateness of remedy selection and cost allocation for past and future costs.
Michigan
Managed site characterization of a titanium processing facility in Detroit, Michigan. Assisted client in negotiating soil cleanup standards.
Served as program manager for risk assessment of chromium- and lead-contaminated soils at a former tannery in Michigan.
Missouri Served as principal-in-charge for preliminary natural resource damage assessment of former lead mining sites in Missouri.
Montana Served as principal-in-charge for the investigation of the Upper Blackfoot mining complex on behalf of ASARCO and ARCO. Evaluated potential migration of metals and acid drainage from mine tailings via surface water and groundwater pathways.
Served as program manager for RI/FS activities at the Anaconda/Upper Clark Fork River (Montana) Superfund site for ARCO. Provided overall coordination and QA/QC review of contract deliverables. Projects included the remedial investigation for the Smelter Hill, Old Works, and Anaconda Community Soils operable units.
New Jersey Assessed lead contamination due to disposal of slag and lead oxide at the NL Industries site in Pedricktown, New Jersey; evaluated appropriateness of past allocation of costs.
Evaluated historical releases of sulfuric acid, lead, and antimony at a metals recycling facility and landfill in Newark, New Jersey. Allocated future remediation costs among potentially responsible parties.
Evaluated transport and fate of mercury at the Berry’s Creek Site in Wood-Ridge, New Jersey.
New Mexico Evaluated potential future remediation and mine closure costs at the Chino copper mine near Hurley, New Mexico.
New York
Reconstructed historical disposal of smelter waste and assessed the timing and mechanisms of release of contaminants from the Walkill Town Landfill in Orange County, New York. Evaluated appropriateness of past allocation of costs.
Researched illicit disposal of lead-containing wastes at the Warwick Landfill in Warwick, New York.
Managed a site characterization, risk assessment and focused feasibility study to address chromium contamination at a ferrochromium metallurgical facility in Niagara Falls, New York.
Ohio Managed a RCRA clean closure equivalency demonstration and preparation of a Part B permit application for a hazardous waste pile at a television glass manufacturing facility in Ohio, formerly owned by the client (General Electric). Release of lead to surface water was the primary concern. Demonstrated to EPA Region 5 that lead was in an immobile form and would not migrate from the unit. Evaluated transport and fate of fluoride emissions. Historical aerial emissions had resulted in deposition of fluorides on an adjacent pasture resulting in apparent cases of fluorosis in cattle. Determined that source controls were effective in reducing fluorides to safe levels in both vegetation and soils. Managed human health and ecological risk assessments.
Managed multiple studies of beryllium for Brush Wellman, Inc., based in Cleveland, Ohio. Various toxicological, epidemiological, industrial hygiene, and environmental chemistry studies were conducted (e.g., biomarker utility, statistical analysis of historical air quality data and medical outcome data for various facilities, and evaluation of the effects of particle size and chemical form on disease occurrence).
Managed the Shieldalloy Metallurgical Corporation (SMC) RI/FS in Cambridge, Ohio, for SMC and Cyprus Foote Minerals Company. Directed the development of radiological source terms, complex hydrogeologic evaluation, vadose zone modeling of vanadium leaching, mineralogical fingerprinting of slag, and baseline risk assessments. The ecological assessment included an innovative study to determine the effects of vanadium on macroinvertebrate communities in a wetlands. Provided scientific consulting during the planning and implementation of remediation of wetlands and stream sediments. Negotiated with the state on effluent limits for stormwater permit.
Evaluated historical disposal and releases of acidic wastewater containing lead; conducted allocation of potential future remediation costs at the Arcanum Iron & Metals Reclamation Site in Dayton, Ohio.
Oklahoma Managed the National Zinc Superfund RI/FS/RD in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, for Salomon Inc. and Cyprus Amax Minerals Company. The project included in vitro and in vivo bioavailability studies of lead and cadmium, treatability studies of phosphate fixation of lead and cadmium, lead source determination using isotopic ratios (e.g., smelter versus lead paint), mineralogical analyses of lead in soil and house dust, comprehensive human health and ecological risk assessments, evaluation of remedial alternatives, design and oversight of remediation of soils and sediments, and community relations. Site-specific soil cleanup levels were successfully negotiated with the regulatory agencies.
Managed Collinsville Smelter RI/FS in Collinsville, Oklahoma. Evaluated historical smelter impacts (primarily arsenic, cadmium, and lead), conducted ecological and human health risk assessments, transport of metals in groundwater and stream sediments, and remedial alternatives.
Managed the Blackwell Zinc RI/FS and remedial design in Blackwell, Oklahoma. The work elements included assisting in brownfield development of the former smelter site, presenting project status at numerous public meetings, directing human health and ecological risk assessments, developing a site-specific water quality criterion for cadmium based on a water effects ratio study, directing pilot tests of in situ groundwater remediation technologies, and development of institutional controls. Directed mineralogical evaluation of soil samples to determine relative contribution of smelter residue versus zinc ore. Evaluated transport of cadmium and zinc in a sulfate-rich solution through a shallow sandy aquifer and determination of discharge into a stream. The source was a zinc sulfate lagoon at the former zinc smelter.
Conducted source allocation for lead in residential properties at the Tar Creek Superfund site. Reconstructed historical deposition of lead from fugitive dust from chat piles and tailings ponds by modeling emission, dispersion, and deposition of lead-containing particles over 80 or more years. Calibrated model with site-specific soil transect data.
Oregon Evaluated appropriateness of past allocation of costs at the Bergsoe Metal Corporation site, a decommissioned secondary lead smelter in St. Helens, Oregon.
Evaluated use of stable isotopic ratios to distinguish lead from paint versus lead from leaded gasoline at a former gasoline station in Oregon.
Served as program manager for an assessment of an illicit drug laboratory site near Central Point, Oregon. Residual red phosphorus was the chemical of primary concern.
Served as program manager for remediation oversight of lead-contaminated soil at battery recycling facility in Oregon.
Set up and managed a soil laboratory in Wilsonville, Oregon, for the analysis of pH, bulk density, texture, organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Ontario Evaluated the potential effects of atmospheric deposition of lead from battery recycling facilities near Toronto, Ontario. Estimated the lead concentrations in residential soils at various locations downwind from the facilities.
Pennsylvania
Evaluated appropriateness of past allocation of costs at the Jack’s Creek/Sitkin Smelting Site, a former non-ferrous metal smelting and precious metals reclamation facility, in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania.
Provided technical support for Brownfields transaction of a former Foote Minerals facility in Pennsylvania. Lithium and boron were chemicals of concern.
Researched lead contamination, evaluated appropriateness of past remedy and cost allocation, and allocated future remediation costs at the Tonolli Smelter Site in Nesquehonig, Pennsylvania.
Texas Evaluated potential future investigation and remediation costs at the Industrial Metals Site, a scrap metals facility, in Corpus Christi, Texas.
Investigated lead contamination, evaluated appropriateness of past remedy and cost allocation, and allocated future remediation costs at two Polycycle Industries sites (a battery casing recycling company) located in Jacksonville and Palmer, Texas.
Reconstructed historical releases and aerial deposition of lead from fugitive dust and stack and building emissions and estimated soil concentration resulting from those depositions at the West Dallas Superfund Site in Dallas, Texas. Quantified the aerial dispersion and deposition of lead as a result of sudden and accidental releases from this former secondary lead smelter. Calibrated dispersion modeling results with ambient monitoring data. Evaluated appropriateness of remedy selection and cost allocation for past and future costs.
Virginia Investigated surface water transport of lead-contaminated soils to the James River at the C&R Battery Site in Chesterfield County, Virginia; evaluated appropriateness of past allocation of remediation costs.
Washington Conducted allocation of potential future remediation and monitoring costs at the Tulalip (Big Flats) Landfill in Marysville, Washington.
Evaluated chemical degradation of gypsum (hydrated calcium sulfate) in a soil environment in Bellevue, Washington. Served as expert witness and gave deposition.
Evaluated effects of nutrient releases from sludge application on a trout hatchery in western Washington.
Evaluated past disposal of battery chips and releases from cement kiln landfill in Seattle, Washington.
Evaluated transport and fate of arsenic from copper smelter slag used for ballast at a log sort yard in Tacoma, Washington. Served as expert witness, gave depositions, and testified at trial.
Conducted chemical analyses of soil samples in the laboratory using a wide variety of instruments including neutron activation analysis, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and ion specific electrodes.
Managed a land application feasibility study for the Weyerhaeuser bleached kraft pulp and paper mill in Longview, Washington. Wastes included primary and secondary clarifier sludges, lime dregs, slaker grits, boiler ash, and log yard debris.
Managed an environmental assessment of a ship repair facility in Seattle, Washington. Provided management approaches to reduce the potential for releases of arsenic, mercury, and lead, as well as conventional pollutants.
Managed study of releases of lead, zinc, and mercury from a mining district in North Central Washington and from a lead and zinc smelter in Trail, British Columbia; evaluated transport and fate, sources, and ecological and human health risks.
Provided technical review for detection monitoring program for chromic acid contamination of soil and groundwater at the Boomsnub chrome plating facility, Vancouver, Washington.
Served as deputy program manager for state oversight of the RCRA facility investigations at the Hanford Reservation in Washington.
Evaluated sources of mercury in intertidal and subtotal sediments near a dry dock in Bainbridge Island, Washington.
West Virginia Evaluated sources of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in the vicinity of a historical zinc smelter.
General Conducted an assessment of the effects of atmospheric deposition (acid rain) on tree growth in the Northwest and the Southeast for the Crown Zellerbach Corporation and the National Council of the Pulp and Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement. Evaluated the effects of acid rain on increasing the solubility of aluminum in forest soils.
Provided technical review of comments to EPA (developed for the National Mining Association) regarding the inappropriateness of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test to measure the leachability of metals, particularly lead, from mining wastes, as proposed by EPA under the Supplemental Phase IV Land Disposal Restrictions rule.
Evaluated environmental chemistry, toxicity and regulatory restrictions on metal components of various rechargeable batteries in the United States, Japan, and Europe.
Evaluated potential release of cadmium from solar panels to assist manufacturer in product development.
Evaluated water quality impact and regulatory compliance for discharge of cement solution from hydro-demolition activities.
Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)
Prepared expert report and served as expert witness on the potential sources of dioxins (PCDDs) and furans (PCDFs) in the Nitro, West Virginia area. Evaluated potential sources, the geospatial variability of soil and house dust data, and the congener patterns in serum data.
Evaluated the effect of feed stock on PCDD/F congener profiles in cement kiln dust.
Prepared expert report and served as expert witness on the potential sources of dioxins (PCDDs) and furans (PCDFs) at a wood treatment site in Grenada, Mississippi. Conducted chemical fingerprinting analysis of offsite soil and house dust and compared to onsite soils and stack emissions. Used multiple fingerprinting methods including congener profile comparisons, principal component analyses, regression analyses, and comparison of selected ion current profiles.
Prepared expert report and served as expert witness on the potential sources of PCDD/Fs at a former drum disposal site in Tacoma, Washington. Conducted chemical fingerprinting analysis of source materials containing various chlorinated phenols and compared profiles against a wide array of PCDD/F profiles of other potential source materials constructed from published data.
Served as lead scientist for source identification of PCDD/Fs in the sediments of the Kanawha River downstream from a former 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) manufacturing facility.
Managed RCRA corrective measures study tasks for Reichhold Chemical Corporation at its chemical production facility in Tacoma, Washington. Evaluated corrective actions to treat or dispose contaminated soil. Corrective action alternatives included capping, incineration, solidification and fixation, offsite disposal, and biological treatment. Also evaluated the extent and potential for migration of PCDD/Fs resulting from PCP wastes. These studies involved designing sampling programs, interpreting laboratory results, evaluating soil conditions, and conducting extensive literature reviews.
Served as lead scientist for source identification of PCDD/Fs in river sediments downstream of multiple sources (plywood plant, wood treating site, bleached kraft mill, and other manufacturing facilities).
Served as principal-in-charge for the assessment of ecological toxicity of PCDD/Fs in sediments and fish tissue in Commencement Bay, Washington, for Simpson Paper Company.
Conducted an assessment of PCDD/Fs in landfilled boiler ash from a sawmill in Shelton, Washington, on behalf of Simpson Paper Company.
Designed and implemented source identification study of PCDD/Fs at the Ketchikan pulp mill in Alaska. EPA had sampled sediments in water supply cisterns that collected rainwater from roof catchment systems in areas in the general vicinity of the mill. Used aerial deposition modeling to reconstruct historical loading to maximum deposition area and validated estimates with field data. Used profile comparisons and multivariate statistics to demonstrate that the PCDD/Fs found in cistern sediments were similar to typical background soils influenced by backyard trash burning. PCDD/F profiles for the flyash from the power boilers were distinctly different. Developed comprehensive database of PCDD/F homologue concentrations for a wide variety of sources from the scientific literature. EPA accepted the source identification conclusions.
On behalf of Western States Petroleum Association, conducted technical seminar for WSPA members and state regulators on the environmental chemistry of PCDD/Fs.
Served as principal-in-charge for source identification of PCDD/Fs detected in reformer effluent at an oil refinery. Through homologue profile comparisons, determined that source was upstream watershed sources (normal urban combustion sources) and not the reformer process.
Served as principal-in-charge of decision analysis for remediation of soils containing elevated concentrations of PCP and PCDD/Fs at nine wood treating facilities on the West Coast.
Evaluated PCDD/F exposure resulting from land application of pulp mill sludge on hybrid poplar plantations in the Northwest and Southeast for Crown Zellerbach Corporation.
Evaluated potential sources of PCDD/F at Lake Sam Rayburn, Texas.
Evaluated appropriateness of soil cleanup plans for PCDD/F contaminated soil at a wood-treating site in Hawaii.
Evaluated PCDD/F in landfilled sludge for Daishowa America pulp mill in Port Angeles, Washington.
Reviewed PCDD/F data quality for the Love Canal, New York, Superfund site.
Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Prepared expert report and served as expert witness on the historic loading of PAHs, PCBs and metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury and zinc) into the Upper Hylebos Waterway, part of the Commencement Bay Superfund Site. Reconstructed historic discharges from a variety of industrial activities including log sorting, metal salvaging, pesticide manufacturing, asphalt manufacturing, ferroalloy smelting, aluminum smelting, and boat building.
Prepared expert report and served as expert witness on the potential sources of PAHs at a wood treatment site in Grenada, Mississippi. Conducted chemical fingerprinting analysis of offsite soil and house dust and compared to onsite soils and stack emissions. Used diagnostic source ratios to distinguish potential onsite sources (fugitive dust from creosote impacted soils and boiler stack emissions) from other common pyrogenic sources (auto exhaust, backyard burning, household sources, etc.).
Managed project and served as expert witness for lawsuit regarding source characterization of PAHs and appropriateness of remedial action at the site of a former manufactured gas plant (MGP), coal-fired power plant, iron foundry, wood treatment facility, and railroad terminal in downtown Seattle, Washington.
Evaluated transport and fate and source identification of PAHs in sediments of Days Creek in the Texarkana, Texas, area.
Provided a variety of technical support activities during remediation of a former manufactured gas plant in Oak Park Village, Illinois, including statistical analysis of air monitoring data and effectiveness of remedial alternatives.
Conducted allocation of remediation costs at a former MGP in Florida based on the production of coal tar and emulsion and the distribution of benzo[a]pyrene in site soils.
Evaluated timing and mechanism of releases of waste constituents at three former MGPs in Massachusetts.
Managed project and evaluated transport, fate, and ecological risks of PAHs from a former wood preservative facility that had migrated via subsurface flow into marine sediments at the Wyckoff/Eagle Harbor Superfund Site in Puget Sound. Directed team of sediment chemists and physical oceanographers in modeling sediment transport within the marine embayment and distinguishing between PAHs from creosote and PAHs from urban runoff in low concentration areas. Directed fisheries biologists, benthic macroinvertebrate ecologists, and aquatic toxicologists in a comprehensive risk assessment. Coordinated group of 20 PRPs and five technical working groups.
Provided technical review of human health and ecological risk assessment at bulk fuel terminals in Alaska and Hawaii.
Evaluated potential transport of PAHs derived from fuel from the former Lockheed shipyard property on Harbor Island through subsurface flow into the Duwamish River in Seattle.
Served as principal-in-charge for the RI/FS at the McCormick & Baxter Creosoting Company site in Portland, Oregon. This multi-year investigation included soil, groundwater, surface water, sediment, and air sampling; creosote pumping tests; ecological and human health risk assessments; and design and oversight of interim remedial actions.
Evaluated potential transport of PAHs derived from railroad diesel fuel through surface runoff from a pulp mill in Ketchikan, Alaska.
Evaluated potential sources of PAHs in commingled plume of bunker fuel, diesel fuel, and transformer oil at a former power plant. Assisted legal team in cost allocation negotiations. Provided legal deposition.
Managed an investigation of salt marsh contamination on the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. Determined potential sources of heavy oil and PAHs in salt marsh soils and creek sediments. Conducted phased ecological risk assessment.
Served as program manager for investigation of gasoline plume from a service station in Salem, Oregon.
Evaluated residual contamination from two oil refineries demolished in the 1930s in Blackwell, Oklahoma.
Managed investigation of diesel plume at a former saw mill in Pendleton, Oregon. Testified at arbitration hearing.
Served as principal-in-charge for cleanup negotiations for fuel sites at remote logging camps in southeast Alaska.
Managed investigation of soil and groundwater at two bulk fuel facilities in southeast Alaska.
Served as program manager for remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils at a former 48,000-gal-capacity tank farm and marine fueling facility formerly owned by Cavenham Forest Industries in Warrenton, Oregon. The successful remediation included the treatment of 2,400 yd3 of gasoline, diesel, and heavy oil hydrocarbons by a combination of bioremediation and hot-air vapor extraction methods.
Served as program manager for emergency response action to mitigate accumulations of explosive levels of gasoline vapors in storm drains at the former Sandy Oil Company site in Sandy, Oregon.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls Served as lead scientist for source allocation of PCBs and lead in soils and stream sediments at a Superfund site in Alabama.
Served as principal-in-charge for site characterization, risk assessment and feasibility study for PCBs in onsite soils and offsite sediments at the Shelly Ditch Site in Crawfordsville, Indiana.
Conducted source allocation of PCBs in sediments of San Francisquito Creek and tributaries downstream of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in Palo Alto, California.
Managed an investigation of PCB contamination of wetland sediments at a former forest products facility in Everett, Washington. Demonstrated by stratigraphic sampling and chromatographic analysis that the PCBs originated from historical degreasing of railcars and not from facility activities. Determined through bioassay analyses that the sediments do not pose a risk to aquatic organisms. The Washington State Department of Ecology agreed that no further action was needed at this site.
Managed a PCB investigation of the Spokane River (Washington) for Avista Corporation. In response to a health advisory for fish consumption, provided technical and strategic consulting regarding the potential sources, loading, and ultimate fate of historical and ongoing sources of PCBs. Conducted source allocation of PCBs based on source loading and mass balance. Conducted probability-based (Monte Carlo) assessment of potential remediation costs to support allocation negotiations. Providing oversight of RI/FS.
Directed an investigation and risk characterization of PCBs discovered in concrete joint compound in a flightline area for commercial passenger aircraft in western Washington. Researched current regulatory status for managing non-liquid PCBs.
Validated and applied an uncertainty analysis (Monte Carlo) model to describe the probability of offsite movement of PCBs from transformer and capacitor spills. Work provided the Electrical Power Research Institute and the electrical utility industry with estimates of the probability of various human exposure levels associated with PCB spill volumes and soil and meteorological conditions. Also conducted an evaluation of deterministic and stochastic models for the prediction of transport of PCB and mineral oil mixtures.
Managed investigation and remediation of soil containing elevated PCBs resulting from historical paint shop activities in Alaska. Estimated PCB transport in groundwater to a marine embayment.
Managed investigation, remediation, and closure of industrial wastewater treatment facility with elevated PCBs in residual sludge at the Spokane Industrial Park in Spokane, Washington.
Evaluated migration of PCBs in hydraulic oil from a former oil-skimming lagoon in Ohio.
Served as expert witness on timing of release of bunker fuel and other constituents at a former power plant in Spokane, Washington. Blending of PCB-containing transformer oil with the fuel oil in the late 1970s and early 1980s explained the reduced viscosity of the bunker oil measured in downgradient monitoring wells.
Managed site characterization and remediation of PCB-contaminated soil at a former industrial waste disposal site in Alaska.
Evaluated the probable PCB content of scrap electrical wire that was shipped to a recycling facility and whether the material was exempt from CERCLA actions under the Superfund Recycling Equity Act.
Served as expert witness on the discharge of PCBs and other contaminants from a variety of industries into the Upper Hylebos Waterway (discussed above).
Chlorinated Solvents Managed the RI/FS at the Northside Landfill Superfund site for the City of Spokane, Washington. Directed transport analyses of chlorinated solvents in groundwater and potential discharge to a river. TCE releases from unlined portions of the landfill were detected in the sole-source drinking water aquifer underlying the landfill and several downgradient water supply wells. Downgradient residents were provided with bottled water and then connected to the city’s water system. Groundwater extraction and treatment was selected in combination with capping of inactive areas of the landfill. Initially, EPA and the Washington State Department of Ecology were concerned about TCE discharges to the Spokane River and potential ecological risks. Subsequent monitoring demonstrated that TCE was naturally attenuated prior to reaching the river.
Reviewed appropriateness of selected remedy of a PCE groundwater plume from historical dry cleaning activities at a state Superfund site in Long Island, New York.
Served as program manager for groundwater investigation of TCE plume in Multnomah County, Oregon. Directed design and implementation of program to characterize the extent and flow dynamics of a TCE plume that originated from multiple sources at different times.
Conducted technical review of natural attenuation study of TCE plume in Snohomish County, Washington. Evaluated the efficacy of an array of remedial options including monitored natural attenuation, enhanced natural attenuation, and groundwater extraction and treatment.
Served as program manager for source identification study of multiple sources of PCE and TCE in municipal water supply wells in Milwaukie and Lake Oswego, Oregon.
Served as program manager for an investigation of the Macleay Landfill, a closed municipal waste landfill located near Salem, Oregon. Chlorinated solvents were the primary chemicals of concern in groundwater.
Served as program manager for the assessment of the Selmet Inc. site, a titanium and rare metal casting facility located near Albany, Oregon. Chlorinated solvents were the primary chemicals of concern in soil, groundwater, and offsite sediments.
Served as technical reviewer for RI/FS of PCE plume at an industrial laundry in Tacoma.
Pesticides
Managed the RI/FS for the Alkali Lake site, a chemical waste disposal area in eastern Oregon. Project activities included site characterization (groundwater, soil, and surface water contamination), risk assessment, and development and analysis of remedial alternatives. Contaminants included process sludges from pesticide (2,4-D, 2,4-DCP, and MCPA) manufacturing.
Served as QA/QC review leader for a RCRA facility investigation and corrective measures study for Pendleton Woolen Mills at their textile mill in Washougal, Washington. Evaluated key technical issues including pesticide (and dieldrin) and metals movement in the soil and groundwater and selection of cost-effective corrective actions.
Served as program manager for an RI/FS for the Soil & Crop site, a former pesticide formulation and distribution facility in Othello, Washington. Evaluated transport and fate of aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, DDE, DDT, 2,4-D and arsenical pesticides.
Provided technical support for one of the PRPs at the Red Panther Site, a former pesticide formulation and distribution facility in Clarksdale, Mississippi. Chemicals of concern were toxaphene, aldrin, DDT and arsenic. Assisted attorney in cost allocation negotiations.
Served as program manager for an investigation of a pesticide and herbicide formulator/ distributor located in Junction City, Oregon.
Evaluated historic use and environmental effects of 2,4,5-T in Vietnam.
Evaluated transport of 2,4-D to a river following aerial application in forested area in Northwest Washington.
Evaluated transport of a variety of herbicides in Northern California.
Pentachlorophenol and Other Organic Compounds Managed pre-transaction assessment of lumber mill in Everett, Washington. PCP and volatile organic compounds in sediments were chemicals of concern.
Evaluated migration of tannins and lignins from four different wood waste sites in Washington and three sites in Oregon.
Served as program manager for site assessments at four wood-treating (PCP and copper-chromium-arsenate) facilities in western Oregon.
Evaluated migration of PCP and degradation by-products at a site in Tacoma, Washington.
Evaluated formaldehyde transport, fate, and ecological risk at a particleboard facility in northern California. Developed strategy for cost allocation among historical owners and operators.
Served as technical reviewer for feasibility study for treating benzene in groundwater at former chemical manufacturing facility in Long Beach, California.
Evaluated waste products of PCP and chlorophene (ortho-benzyl-para-chlorophenol) manufacturing.
Evaluated costs and benefits of bioremediation of PCP-contaminated soil versus excavation and disposal at former wood treating facilities on the West Coast.
Served as technical reviewer for RI/FS activities at the Umatilla Army Depot Site in Hermiston, Oregon. Primary contaminants of concern in soil and groundwater include chlorinated solvents and pesticides, PAHs, nitro aromatic compounds, and the explosives RDX and HMX.
Served as principal in charge for risk evaluation of proposed incinerator for surplus munitions at the Umatilla Army Depot in Hermiston, Oregon.
Terrestrial Ecology Evaluated longevity and pathology of trembling aspen clones as affected by genotype, climate and soil factors ecosystems in the Great Lakes Region.
Evaluated occurrence of root disease in Northern Idaho conifers as affected by soil properties.
Classified plant communities and estimated biomass production in Idaho, Michigan, Minnesota, Oregon, Washington, Wisconsin, Michigan, British Columbia and Ontario.
Developed ecosystem and climatic classification system for forest land in Western Oregon; set up and maintained network of 10 remote meteorologic stations monitoring ambient temperature, evapotransporation, solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, soil temperature and soil moisture.
Identified lands in desert and floodplain environments for establishment of hybrid poplar plantations.